Análisis biomecánico de la técnica del remate en el Voleibol de la selección sub-17 masculino del Atlántico

摘要

The objective of this research was to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the spiking technique in players from the Atlántico U-17 men’s representative team, using 2D videogrammetry and angular kinematic analysis, and comparing the obtained parameters with reference values ​​reported in international scientific literature. A quantitative, descriptive-comparative approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 14 male athletes (mean age = 16.21 ± 0.69 years) belonging to the departmental team. A total of 68 valid technical executions were recorded under controlled conditions using two high-speed video cameras (240 Hz) and Kinovea software (v. 0.9.5). Key kinematic variables were analyzed: elbow extension angle at contact (AEC), shoulder external rotation angle during the cocking phase (AREA), peak shoulder angular velocity (VAMS), approach entry angle (AEA), knee flexion angle during the takeoff (AFR), and shoulder abduction angle at contact (AAH). The results revealed significant deviations from reference patterns during phases with the highest kinematic demands: the elbow extension angle at contact (AEC = 142.3° ± 8.7°) was significantly lower than the optimal range of 150°–170° (t(13) = -3.41, p = .004, d = 0.91), a finding observed in 72.1% of the analyzed spikes. Similarly, external shoulder rotation during the cocking phase (AREA = 131.8° ± 11.4°) was significantly lower than the 140° reference value (t(13) = -2.89, p = .013, d = 0.77), occurring in 61.8% of the cases. Shoulder angular velocity (VAMS = 1547.2 ± 218.6°/s) fell within the lower end of the reference range. In contrast, the variables for the approach (AEA = 52.4°), the takeoff (AFR = 108.6°), and shoulder abduction (AAH = 91.7°) remained within optimal parameters.