Ciencia y Educación
(L-ISSN: 2790-8402 E-ISSN: 2707-3378)
Vol. 7 No. 6
Edición Junio del 2026
experimental design. The focus group technique
application fostered participation, feedback,
inclusion, empathy, and self-esteem among
students with Special Educational Needs
(SEN). It was also identified that family and
institutional influences can be either positive or
negative. Based on the results, it is concluded
was used, and a questionnaire with semi-
structured questions served as the instrument.
Qualitative content analysis was used for data
analysis. The results indicate that the most well-
known and used strategies were: curricular
adaptations, the use of active methodologies,
that
curricular
adaptations,
active
and
individualized
instruction.
Their
methodologies, and individualized instruction
are the most frequently used strategies, as
improvements in academic performance were
observed.
Keywords: Pedagogical Strategies, Special
Educational Needs, Inclusion, Learning,
Diversity.
application fostered participation, feedback,
inclusion, empathy, and self-esteem among
students with Special Educational Needs
(SEN). It was also identified that family and
institutional influences can be either positive or
negative. Based on the results, it is concluded
that
curricular
adaptations,
active
methodologies, and individualized instruction
are the most frequently used strategies, as
improvements in academic performance were
observed.
Keywords: Pedagogical Strategies, Special
Educational Needs, Inclusion, Learning,
Diversity.
Introducción
Actualmente la educación contemporánea
mediante su enfoque de inclusión y equidad
enfrenta varios desafíos, uno de ellos y muy
relevante:
la
aplicación
de
estrategias
pedagógicas inclusivas dirigidas a estudiantes
con necesidades educativas específicas. Las
estrategias pedagógicas inclusivas se han
convertido en un eje central de las políticas
educativas, en la mayoría de los países del
mundo, las mismas que están respaldadas por
acuerdos internacionales y leyes nacionales
orientadas a garantizar el derecho a una
educación equitativa, de calidad y que
promueva la participación, sobre todo de
aquellos estudiantes con necesidades educativas
específicas.
Sumario
The objective of this study was to design
inclusive pedagogical strategies for students
with special educational needs in rural schools
in the canton of Paján. It also aimed to identify
the most frequently applied strategies, their
effectiveness, and the influence of the family
and institutional environment on the application
of inclusive pedagogical strategies, including
their socio-emotional development and values.
The importance of collaboration among the
entire educational community is recognized,
and it is identified that the educational and
socioeconomic level of families and the lack of
teacher training can hinder the applicability of
Según Calderón y Márquez (2025), las
estrategias inclusivas tienen un impacto
significativo
en
el
aprendizaje
de
los
inclusive
methodological
strategies.
The
estudiantes, además fomentan el desarrollo
social y emocional y aumentan la eficiencia
docente. De la misma manera la Organización
de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la
Ciencia y la Cultura, UNESCO (2026) en su
methodology was based on a qualitative
approach, with a descriptive level and a non-
experimental design. The focus group technique
was used, and a questionnaire with semi-
structured questions served as the instrument.
Qualitative content analysis was used for data
analysis. The results indicate that the most well-
known and used strategies were: curricular
adaptations, the use of active methodologies,
convención
de
Salamanca
reafirma
su
compromiso con la Educación para Todos, y
hace énfasis en la necesidad de impartir
enseñanza a todos los niños, jóvenes y adultos
and
individualized
instruction.
Their
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